On 19 May 2025, Lithuania filed in the Registry of the Court an Application instituting proceedings against Belarus with regard to a dispute which, according to the Application, concerns alleged breaches by Belarus of its obligations under the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, in relation to the large-scale smuggling of irregular migrants from Belarus into Lithuania.

On 19 May 2025, the Court delivered its Judgment on the merits in the case concerning Land and Maritime Delimitation and Sovereignty over Islands (Gabon/Equatorial Guinea).