REPUBLIC OF KENYA
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change (Request for Advisory Opinion)
Written Replies of the Republic of Kenya to the Questions Put by Judges Cleveland, Tladi, and Charlesworth
20 December 2024
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CONTENTS
I. Question put by Judge Cleveland ................................................................................. 1
A. Identifying States within whose jurisdiction fossil fuels are produced .................. 2

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INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
(REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION)
RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS FROM JUDGES CLEVELAND AND
AURESCU
SUBMITTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR
CONSERVATION OF NATURE (IUCN)
PREPARED BY THE IUCN WORLD COMMISSION ON
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (WCEL)
20 DECEMBER 2024
2
1. RESPONSE TO THE QUESTION POSED BY JUDGE CLEVELAND:
“During these proceedings, a number of Participants have referred to the
production of fossil fuels in the context of climate change, including with

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
（
REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION
WRITTEN REPLY OF JAPAN
20 December 2024
Written reply of Japan to the questions put by Judge Cleveland and Judge Tladi
Question put by Judge Cleveland

OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF
CLIMATE CHANGE
(REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION)
RESPONSES SUBMITTED BY
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
TO THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
JUDGES’ QUESTIONS
20 DECEMBER 2024
The Government of the Republic of Indonesia wishes to share its perspective on the
questions posed by Judge Tladi, Judge Aurescu and Judge Charlesworth.
A) On question from Judge Tladi:
“In their written and oral pleadings, participants have generally engaged in an interpretation

Request for an advisory opinion on the obligations of States with respect to climate change
---------------
Question put by Judge Cleveland
“During these proceedings, a number of participants have referred to the production of
fossil fuels in the context of climate change, including with respect to subsidies. In your
view, what are the specific obligations under international law of States within whose
jurisdiction fossil fuels are produced to ensure protection of the climate system and

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
(REQUEST FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION)
Responses of the Republic of Guatemala to the questions posed by Members of the Court to the Participants
20 DECEMBER 2024
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
REQUEST FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Responses of the Republic of Guatemala to the questions posed by Members of the Court to the Participants
20 December 2024
SECOND QUESTION:

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INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
(REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION)
Grenada’s Written Response to the Question from Judge Dire Tladi
20 December 2024
2

Hl I Federal Foreign Office
Federal Foreign Office, Kurstrasse 36,11013 Berlin
To the Registrar of the International Court of Justice
Mr. Philippe Gautier
Peace Palace, Carnegieplein 2
2517 KJ The Hague
Netherlands
Dr. Wiebke Rückert
Director
Public International Law
OFFICE ADDRESS
Werderscher Markt 1
10117 Berlin
Germany
POSTALADDRESS
Kurstraße 36,11013 Berlin
subject. Qbijgations of States in respect of Climate Change (Request for advisory b 1 ö \ 'i J PHONE+49 (0)3018-17-2706

International Court of Justice
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION
Replies to the Oral Questions by the EUROPEAN UNION
Introduction
At the close of the oral proceedings before the Court, participants to these proceedings were
invited to provide written replies to four questions posed by Judges Cleveland, Tladi, Aurescu
and Charlesworth. By letter of 13 December 2024, the Registrar circulated these questions.
In complement to its written and oral submissions, the European Union would like to reply as