REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change (Request for Advisory Opinion)
Written Replies of the Republic of Namibia to the Question Put by Judge Aurescu
20 December 2024
1
1.
Pursuant to the President’s direction and the Court’s correspondence dated 13 December 2024, the Republic of Namibia hereby submits its written replies to the following question put by Judge Aurescu at the end of the public sitting that day:1

Question put by the Judge Cleveland
“During these proceedings, a number of participants have referred to the production of
fossil fuels in the context of climate change, including with respect to subsidies. In your
view, what are the specific obligations under international law of States within which
whose jurisdiction fossil fuels are produced to ensure the protection of the climate
system and other parts of the environment from anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse
gases, if any?
Response: A number of States have produced and subsidized fossil fuels since the

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
(REQUEST BY THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY FOR AN
ADVISORY OPINION)
RESPONSES OF THE FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA TO
QUESTIONS PUT BY JUDGES AURECU AND CHARLESWORTH
20 DECEMBER 2024
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................3
CHAPTER II: QUESTION PUT BY JUDGE AURESCU ........................................................4

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
ADVISORY OPINION REGARDING "OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF
CLIMATE CHANGE"
MEXICO'S RESPONSES TO THE QUESTIONS PUT FORWARD BY JUDGES OF THE
HONORABLE COURT
December 2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1
II. QUESTION PUT BY JUDGE CLEVELAND ............................................................................. 1

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE
CHANGE
(Request for an Advisory Opinion)
RESPONSE TO QUESTIONS PUT BY JUDGES
Introduction
On 13 December 2024, the Court registry transmitted to participants the Questions put by Judges. The
Republic of the Marshall Islands responds to:
Page
Question put by Judge Cleveland .... .............................. ...... ..................................................... 3

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
(REQUEST FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION)
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
RESPONSE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES TO THE JUDGES’
QUESTIONS
20 December 2024
1
1. The Republic of Maldives (“the Maldives”) submits the present response pursuant to
the Court’s letter dated 13 December 2024 communicating questions posed by
individual Judges.
2. Judge Aurescu has posed the following question:
“Some participants have argued, during the written and/or oral stages of the

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
ADVISORY PROCEEDINGS CONCERNING
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
REPLIES BY THE PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN TO THE QUESTION PUT BY JUEDGE AURESCU
20 DECEMBER 2024
__________________________________________________________________________________
Question put by Judge Aurescu

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
(REQUEST FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION)
ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS P OSED BY JUDGES
20 DECEMBER 2024
I. INTRODUCTION
1. On 13 December 2024, certain Judges of the International Court of Justice ("ICJ") posed
questions to all the participants in the advisory proceedings on the Obligations of States in
respect of Climate Change. 1 After careful consideration, Latvia has decided to respond to
the question posed by Judge Tladi (Section II).

Page 1 of 8
RESPONSE OF THE STATE OF KUWAIT TO THE QUESTIONS PUT FORYH BY THE ESTEMMED JUDGES DURING THE PUBLIC HEARINGS OF THE ADVISORY OPINION ON “OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE”
1. Question put by Judge Cleveland

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
(REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION)
Response of the Republic of Kiribati to the questions posed by Judges at the at the end
of the Court’s public sitting on 13 December, 2024.
20 December 2024
2
Question put by Judge Cleveland
“During these proceedings, a number of participants referred to the production of fossil fuels
in the context of climate change, including with respect to subsides. In your view, what are the