Application instituting proceedings

Document Number
185-20221116-APP-01-00-BI
Document Type
Date of the Document
Document File
Bilingual Document File

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICEAPPLICATIONINSTITUTING PROCEEDINGSfiled in the Registry of the Court
on 16 November 2022
SOVEREIGNTY
OVER THE SAPODILLA CAYES
(BELIZE v. HONDURAS)
COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICEREQUÊTEINTRODUCTIVE D’INSTANCEenregistrée au Greffe de la Cour
le 16 novembre 2022
SOUVERAINETÉ
SUR LES CAYES DE SAPODILLA
(BELIZE c. HONDURAS)
2
2022
General List
No. 185
I. THE CHARGÉ D’AFFAIRES AD INTERIM,
EMBASSY OF BELIZE ACCREDITED TO THE KINGDOM
OF THE NETHERLANDS, TO THE REGISTRAR
OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
16 November 2022.
I have the honour to submit to the Court an Application by Belize instituting proceedings with the Republic of Honduras concerning the Sapodilla Cayes.
I have the further honour to inform the Court that the Government of Belize has appointed Ambassador Assad Shoman as Agent and Ambassador Alexis Rosado as Co-Agent for Belize in these proceedings.
Furthermore, I advise that the addresses for electronic service to Belize are:

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]
and that the address for physical service to Belize is that of this Embassy, accredited to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, at:
Boulevard Brand Whitlock 87/93
6th Floor
1200 Brussels
Belgium
(Signed) Raineldo Urbina.
___________
4
II. APPLICATION INSTITUTING PROCEEDINGS
I. Subject-Matter of the Dispute
1. This Application submits to the Court for final and binding resolution in
accordance with international law the dispute between Belize and Honduras concerning sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes.
II. Jurisdiction of the Court
2. The Court has jurisdiction over this dispute pursuant to Article XXXI of the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement concluded at Bogotá on 30 April 1948, known as the Pact of Bogotá, and pursuant to Article 36 (1) of the Statute of the Court.
3. Honduras signed the Pact of Bogotá on 30 April 1948 and its instrument of
ratification was deposited with the Pan-American Union in accordance with Article LII of the Pact on 7 February 19501.
4. Belize acceded to the Pact of Bogotá in conformity with Article LIV by
transmission of an instrument of accession to the Organization of American States on 24 October 20222. The General Secretariat of the Organization of American States issued a certificate of receipt of this instrument dated 27 October 20223. Also in
conformity with Article LIV of the Pact, the Organization of American States notified the other High Contracting Parties on 27 October 2022 of Belize’s accession to the
Pact of Bogotá4.
5. Neither Belize nor Honduras has made any reservation to the Pact of Bogotá.
6. By Article XXXI of the Pact of Bogotá, the High Contracting Parties confer
jurisdiction on the Court over disputes of a juridical nature that arise between them concerning any question of international law.
7. There is a dispute of a juridical nature concerning a question of international law between Belize and Honduras regarding sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes, as
further detailed in Section III below. It follows that the Court has jurisdiction over the dispute submitted to it by way of this Application.
III. Facts
8. The Sapodilla Cayes are a group of cayes lying in the Gulf of Honduras at the southern tip of the Belize Barrier Reef, approximately 75 kilometres east of the
1 Republic of Honduras, Instrument of Ratification of the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement, 7 February 1950 (Annex 2).
2 Belize, Instrument of Accession to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement, 24 October 2022 (Annex 13).
3 General Secretariat of the Organization of American States, Certificate of Receipt of Instrument of Accession by Belize to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement, 27 October 2022 (Annex 15).
4 Department of International Law of the Secretariat for Legal Affairs of the General
Secretariat of the Organization of American States, Note informing States parties to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement of Belize’s accession, 27 October 2022 (Annex 16).
6
Belizean mainland town of Punta Gorda. The most prominent of these cayes include Northeast Sapodilla Caye, Frank’s Caye, Nicholas Caye, Hunting Caye, Lime Caye, Ragged Caye, West Ragged Caye and Seal Caye.
9. Since the early nineteenth century, the Sapodilla Cayes have formed part of
the territory of Belize, initially as part of the settlement of Belize and later the
colony of British Honduras, and since 1981 as part of the independent State of
Belize. There have been over 200 years of uninterrupted peaceful possession by
the United Kingdom (as the relevant colonial power) and by Belize since its independence in 1981.
10. Prior to 1981, British sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes was manifested through numerous public, peaceful and continuous sovereign acts. These included (among others):
(a) Exercises of jurisdiction by magistrates over the Sapodilla Cayes (such as in
relation to criminal matters, salvage claims and the suppression of piracy);
(b) Express statements confirming sovereignty, including as expressed in official maps;
(c) Protests against conduct on the part of other States that was inconsistent with British sovereignty;
(d) The construction of lighthouses;
(e) The granting of licences and concessions in relation to natural resources;
(f) The regulation of land ownership, fishing and entry to the Sapodilla Cayes;
and
(g) The performance of military activities in and around the Sapodilla Cayes.
11. By contrast, Honduras has never had nor purported to exercise any sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes. Indeed, prior to 1981, it repeatedly acknowledged British sovereignty. For example, at various points in time the Government of Honduras
was concerned that the Sapodilla Cayes were being used as a base by revolutionary movements plotting against it. The Government of Honduras accordingly requested
the British authorities in Belize to take action in respect of such movements.
These requests plainly constituted acknowledgement by Honduras of the sovereignty of the United Kingdom over the Sapodilla Cayes, and indeed were requests by
Honduras for the United Kingdom to exercise its sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes. Such acknowledgements included, for instance, a letter in 1913 from
the Foreign Minister of Honduras, expressed as being on behalf of the President
of Honduras, to the British Consul General. In that letter, Honduras thanked the Government of the United Kingdom for having placed a ship of war at the
disposal of the “Colonial Government at Belize” so as to prevent revolutionary
activity on the Sapodilla Cayes, which the Honduran Foreign Minister expressly referred to as “Islands belonging to the Colony”5.
12. It was only in 1981, with the independence of Belize from the United
Kingdom imminent, that Honduras first made a claim to the Sapodilla Cayes. It did
so in a note to the British Ambassador to Honduras, reserving the right to have
recourse to all means established by international law to “make Honduran sovereignty prevail”6. The United Kingdom rejected the Honduran claim and made clear that it
5 Letter from Mariano Vásquez (Minister of Foreign Affairs, Honduras) to J. P. Armstrong (British Consul General), 8 September 1913 (Annex 1).
6 Letter from César Elvir Sierra (Minister of Foreign Affairs, Honduras) to John Barnard Weymes (British Ambassador to Honduras), 17 March 1981 (Annex 4).
8
had no doubt concerning the sovereignty of the United Kingdom over the Sapodilla Cayes7. Honduras nonetheless maintained its claim in further exchanges with the United Kingdom8.
13. On 21 September 1981, Belize achieved independence from the United Kingdom. Upon the unanimous recommendation of the United Nations Security Council, the United Nations General Assembly voted on 25 September 1981 to admit Belize as a Member of the United Nations9, with Guatemala the only State voting against the resolution. This resolution was passed in the context of multiple General Assembly resolutions referring to the importance of Belize’s independence being achieved with its territorial integrity intact10.
14. During the United Nations General Assembly proceedings, Honduras made a statement asserting that the “Cayos Zapotillos historically, geographically and legally belong to Honduras”11. The representative of the United Kingdom stated in reply
that:
“My delegation has been instructed to state that the United Kingdom does not accept that claim. The United Kingdom had no doubt of its sovereignty over the Cayos Zapotillos as part of the territory of Belize up to the date of Belize’s independence. On the granting of independence to Belize on 21 September this year — which we note with pleasure has been welcomed by the Government
of Honduras — sovereignty over the Cayos Zapotillos passed to the State of Belize.”12
15. Following the independence of Belize, Honduras promulgated a new Constitution in January 1982 which expressly referred to the Sapodilla Cayes (and, separately, Seal Caye, which forms part of the Sapodilla Cayes) as part of the territory of Honduras13.
16. Since its independence from the United Kingdom, Belize has exercised its
exclusive sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes. Consistently with the sovereignty
previously exercised by the United Kingdom, the sovereign acts of Belize in relation to the Sapodilla Cayes since 1981 have included (among others):
(a) Regulatory acts concerning fishing, entry and land ownership in relation to the Sapodilla Cayes;
(b) The performance of military and coast guard functions on and around the Sapodilla Cayes;
(c) Express inclusion of the Sapodilla Cayes in Belize’s Constitution as part of its territory;
7 United Kingdom Note to Honduras, 26 March 1981 (Annex 5).
8 Communiqué from the Government of Honduras to the British Embassy in Honduras, 10 April 1981 (Annex 6); Note from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Honduras to the British Embassy in Honduras, Note No. 202-DSM, 21 May 1981 (Annex 7).
9 General Assembly resolution 36/3, Admission of Belize to membership in the United Nations, UN doc. A/RES/36/3, 25 September 1981 (Annex 10).
10 See, e.g., General Assembly resolution 35/20, Question of Belize, UN doc. A/RES/35/20, 11 November 1980 (Annex 3, para. 7).
11 Statement by Mr. Elvir Sierra (Honduras) at the United Nations General Assembly,
thirty-sixth session, 10th plenary meeting, UN doc. A/36/PV.10, 23 September 1981 (Annex 8, paras. 183-185).
12 Statement by Mr. Goulding (United Kingdom) at the United Nations General Assembly, thirty-sixth session, 12th plenary meeting, UN doc. A/36/PV.12 and Corr. 1, 24 September 1981 (Annex 9, paras. 442-444).
13 Constitution of Honduras, 20 January 1982, Art. 10 (Annex 11).
10
(d) The definition of its territorial sea by reference to the Sapodilla Cayes; and
(e) Protests against incursions into the Sapodilla Cayes or their appurtenant waters.
17. Despite Belize’s clear sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes, in exchanges this year between Belize and Honduras it has become clear that Honduras considers
itself constrained by its Constitution to assert its claim to the Sapodilla Cayes on
the international plane and that, notwithstanding the excellent relations between Belize and Honduras, a legal dispute has persisted between them14. Belize desires
the full and final resolution of all territorial claims against it and so now turns to
the Court for the prompt resolution of the legal dispute between Belize and
Honduras concerning the Sapodilla Cayes. Belize emphasises that it does so in support and furtherance of its friendly relations with Honduras, to have the legal dispute between them authoritatively and definitively resolved.
IV. Legal Grounds
18. Under international law, Belize is sovereign over the Sapodilla Cayes. The Honduran claim to the Sapodilla Cayes, articulated in its 1982 Constitution, which remains in force as a matter of the internal law of Honduras, has no basis in international law.
19. In 1981 the people of Belize exercised their right to self-determination with
territorial integrity when Belize obtained its independence from the United Kingdom. In doing so, Belize succeeded to the sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes that the United Kingdom had held and exercised for well more than a century.
20. Honduras had long recognised and accepted the sovereignty of the United Kingdom over the Sapodilla Cayes, and the United Kingdom had exercised that sovereignty publicly, peacefully and continuously in manifold ways.
21. Since Belize succeeded in 1981 to the sovereignty of the United Kingdom over the Sapodilla Cayes, Belize has continuously exercised exclusive sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes.
V. Relief Sought
22. Belize respectfully requests the Court to adjudge and declare that, as between Belize and Honduras, Belize is sovereign over the Sapodilla Cayes.
VI. Reservation of Rights
23. Belize reserves the right to supplement or amend in the course of these
proceedings the matters introduced by this Application, including in respect of the facts relied on, the legal grounds invoked, and the relief requested.
14 Letter from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belize to the Minister of Foreign Affairs
of Honduras, 29 September 2022 (Annex 12); Letter from the Minister of Foreign
Affairs of Belize to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Honduras, 25 October 2022 (Annex 14).
12
VII. Appointment of Agent and Co-Agent
24. The Government of Belize appoints Ambassador Assad Shoman as Agent and Ambassador Alexis Rosado as Co-Agent for Belize in these proceedings.
16 November 2022.
(Signed) Raineldo Urbina,
Chargé d’affaires ad interim,
Embassy of Belize accredited to the
Kingdom of the Netherlands.
14
CERTIFICATION
I certify that the documents annexed to this Application and listed overleaf are true copies of the originals and that any translations into English are accurate.
16 November 2022.
(Signed) Raineldo Urbina,
Chargé d’affaires ad interim,
Embassy of Belize accredited to the
Kingdom of the Netherlands.
16
LIST OF ANNEXES*15
Annex 1. Letter from Mariano Vásquez (Minister of Foreign Affairs, Honduras)
to J. P. Armstrong (British Consul General), 8 September 1913, UK National Archives, CO 123/277.
Annex 2. Republic of Honduras, Instrument of Ratification of the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement, 7 February 1950, Archives of the Organization of American States (Spanish original), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize (English translation).
Annex 3. General Assembly resolution 35/20, Question of Belize, UN doc. A/RES/
35/20, 11 November 1980.
Annex 4. Letter from César Elvir Sierra (Minister of Foreign Affairs, Honduras) to John Barnard Weymes (British Ambassador to Honduras), 17 March 1981, UK National Archives, FCO 99/891 (Spanish original); Annex II to Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Research Department Note 26/82, November 1982, UK National Archives, FCO 99/1407/1 (English translation).
Annex 5. United Kingdom Note to Honduras, 26 March 1981, Annex III to Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Research Department Note 26/82, November 1982, UK National Archives, FCO 99/1407/1.
Annex 6. Communiqué from the Government of Honduras to the British Embassy in Honduras, 10 April 1981, UK National Archives, FCO 99/891.
Annex 7. Note from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Honduras to the British Embassy in Honduras, Note No. 202-DSM, 21 May 1981, UK National Archives, FCO 99/892.
Annex 8. Statement by Mr. Elvir Sierra (Honduras) at the United Nations General Assembly, thirty-sixth session, 10th plenary meeting, UN doc. A/36/PV.10, 23 September 1981.
Annex 9. Statement by Mr. Goulding (United Kingdom) at the United Nations General Assembly, thirty-sixth session, 12th plenary meeting, UN doc. A/
36/PV.12 and Corr. 1, 24 September 1981.
Annex 10. General Assembly resolution 36/3, Admission of Belize to membership in the United Nations, UN doc. A/RES/36/3, 25 September 1981.
Annex 11. Constitution of Honduras, 20 January 1982, Art. 10, http://congreso.
gob.hn, retrieved from Wayback Machine Internet Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20100705043950/http://congreso.gob.hn/constituciones/CONSTITUCION%201982%20DECRETO%20131-82.pdf) (extract of Spanish original); Constitute Project, (https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Honduras_2013.pdf?lang=en) (extract of English translation).
15* The Annexes are not reproduced in the print version, but are available in electronic version on the Court’s website (http://www.icj-cij.org, under “Cases”).
18
Annex 12. Letter from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belize to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Honduras, 29 September 2022, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize.
Annex 13. Instrument of Accession to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement, 24 October 2022, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize.
Annex 14. Letter from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belize to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Honduras, 25 October 2022, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize.
Annex 15. General Secretariat of the Organization of American States, Certificate of Receipt of Instrument of Accession by Belize to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement, 27 October 2022, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize.
Annex 16. Department of International Law of the Secretariat for Legal Affairs of the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States, Note informing States parties to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement of Belize’s accession, 27 October 2022, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize.
IMPRIMÉ AUX PAYS-BAS – PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS

Bilingual Content

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICEAPPLICATIONINSTITUTING PROCEEDINGSfiled in the Registry of the Court
on 16 November 2022
SOVEREIGNTY
OVER THE SAPODILLA CAYES
(BELIZE v. HONDURAS)
COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICEREQUÊTEINTRODUCTIVE D’INSTANCEenregistrée au Greffe de la Cour
le 16 novembre 2022
SOUVERAINETÉ
SUR LES CAYES DE SAPODILLA
(BELIZE c. HONDURAS)
2
2022
General List
No. 185
I. THE CHARGÉ D’AFFAIRES AD INTERIM,
EMBASSY OF BELIZE ACCREDITED TO THE KINGDOM
OF THE NETHERLANDS, TO THE REGISTRAR
OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
16 November 2022.
I have the honour to submit to the Court an Application by Belize instituting proceedings with the Republic of Honduras concerning the Sapodilla Cayes.
I have the further honour to inform the Court that the Government of Belize has appointed Ambassador Assad Shoman as Agent and Ambassador Alexis Rosado as Co-Agent for Belize in these proceedings.
Furthermore, I advise that the addresses for electronic service to Belize are:

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]
and that the address for physical service to Belize is that of this Embassy, accredited to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, at:
Boulevard Brand Whitlock 87/93
6th Floor
1200 Brussels
Belgium
(Signed) Raineldo Urbina.
___________
3
2022
Rôle général
no 185
I. LE CHARGÉ D’AFFAIRES PAR INTÉRIM
À L’AMBASSADE DU BELIZE, ACCRÉDITÉE AU ROYAUME
DES PAYS-BAS, AU GREFFIER
DE LA COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE
[Traduction]
Le 16 novembre 2022.
J’ai l’honneur de faire tenir ci-joint à la Cour une requête introductive d’instance du Belize contre la République du Honduras concernant les cayes de Sapodilla.
J’ai en outre l’honneur d’informer la Cour que le Gouvernement du Belize a
désigné M. Assad Shoman, ambassadeur, en qualité d’agent aux fins de l’affaire et
M. Alexis Rosado, ambassadeur, en qualité de coagent.
Par ailleurs, toute communication à l’intention du Belize doit être envoyée aux adresses électroniques suivantes :

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]
L’adresse postale du Belize est celle de l’ambassade, accréditée au Royaume des Pays-Bas :
Boulevard Brand Whitlock 87/93
6e étage
1200 Bruxelles
Belgique
(Signé) Raineldo Urbina.
___________
4
II. APPLICATION INSTITUTING PROCEEDINGS
I. Subject-Matter of the Dispute
1. This Application submits to the Court for final and binding resolution in
accordance with international law the dispute between Belize and Honduras concerning sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes.
II. Jurisdiction of the Court
2. The Court has jurisdiction over this dispute pursuant to Article XXXI of the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement concluded at Bogotá on 30 April 1948, known as the Pact of Bogotá, and pursuant to Article 36 (1) of the Statute of the Court.
3. Honduras signed the Pact of Bogotá on 30 April 1948 and its instrument of
ratification was deposited with the Pan-American Union in accordance with Article LII of the Pact on 7 February 19501.
4. Belize acceded to the Pact of Bogotá in conformity with Article LIV by
transmission of an instrument of accession to the Organization of American States on 24 October 20222. The General Secretariat of the Organization of American States issued a certificate of receipt of this instrument dated 27 October 20223. Also in
conformity with Article LIV of the Pact, the Organization of American States notified the other High Contracting Parties on 27 October 2022 of Belize’s accession to the
Pact of Bogotá4.
5. Neither Belize nor Honduras has made any reservation to the Pact of Bogotá.
6. By Article XXXI of the Pact of Bogotá, the High Contracting Parties confer
jurisdiction on the Court over disputes of a juridical nature that arise between them concerning any question of international law.
7. There is a dispute of a juridical nature concerning a question of international law between Belize and Honduras regarding sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes, as
further detailed in Section III below. It follows that the Court has jurisdiction over the dispute submitted to it by way of this Application.
III. Facts
8. The Sapodilla Cayes are a group of cayes lying in the Gulf of Honduras at the southern tip of the Belize Barrier Reef, approximately 75 kilometres east of the
1 Republic of Honduras, Instrument of Ratification of the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement, 7 February 1950 (Annex 2).
2 Belize, Instrument of Accession to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement, 24 October 2022 (Annex 13).
3 General Secretariat of the Organization of American States, Certificate of Receipt of Instrument of Accession by Belize to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement, 27 October 2022 (Annex 15).
4 Department of International Law of the Secretariat for Legal Affairs of the General
Secretariat of the Organization of American States, Note informing States parties to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement of Belize’s accession, 27 October 2022 (Annex 16).
5
II. REQUÊTE INTRODUCTIVE D’INSTANCE
[Traduction]
I. Objet du différend
1. Par la présente requête est porté devant la Cour en vue d’un règlement définitif et contraignant, conforme au droit international, le différend entre le Belize et le Honduras concernant la souveraineté sur les cayes de Sapodilla.
II. Compétence de la Cour
2. La Cour a compétence à l’égard de ce différend en vertu de l’article XXXI du traité américain de règlement pacifique des différends, conclu le 30 avril 1948 à Bogotá (connu sous le nom de pacte de Bogotá), et en vertu du paragraphe 1 de l’article 36 de son Statut.
3. Le Honduras a signé le pacte de Bogotá le 30 avril 1948 et, conformément à
l’article LII de celui-ci, a déposé son instrument de ratification auprès de l’Union panaméricaine le 7 février 19501.
4. Le Belize a adhéré au pacte de Bogotá, conformément à l’article LIV de celui-
ci, au moyen d’un instrument d’adhésion adressé le 24 octobre 2022 à l’Organisation des Etats américains2, dont le secrétariat général a accusé réception le 27 octobre 20223. A cette même date, l’organisation a également, en application dudit article, notifié
l’adhésion du Belize aux autres hautes parties contractantes4.
5. Ni le Belize ni le Honduras n’ont émis de réserve au pacte.
6. Aux termes de l’article XXXI du pacte de Bogotá, les hautes parties contractantes confèrent compétence à la Cour à l’égard des différends d’ordre juridique surgissant entre elles et ayant pour objet toute question de droit international.
7. Ainsi que cela est exposé en détail à la section III ci-après, il existe, entre le Belize et le Honduras, un différend d’ordre juridique ayant pour objet une question de droit international relative à la souveraineté sur les cayes de Sapodilla. Il s’ensuit que la Cour a compétence à l’égard du différend qui lui est soumis par la présente requête.
III. Faits
8. Les cayes de Sapodilla sont un ensemble de cayes situées dans le golfe du Honduras, à l’extrémité méridionale de la barrière de corail du Belize, à quelque
1 Instrument de ratification du traité américain de règlement pacifique de la République du Honduras en date du 7 février 1950 (annexe 2).
2 Instrument d’adhésion du Belize au traité américain de règlement pacifique en date du 24 octobre 2022 (annexe 13).
3 Certificat de réception de l’instrument d’adhésion du Belize au traité américain de règlement pacifique émis par le secrétariat général de l’Organisation des Etats américains le 27 octobre 2022 (annexe 15).
4 Note du département du droit international du secrétariat aux affaires juridiques au
secrétariat général de l’Organisation des Etats américains en date du 27 octobre 2022 infor-
mant les Etats parties au traité américain de règlement pacifique de l’adhésion du Belize
(annexe 16).
6
Belizean mainland town of Punta Gorda. The most prominent of these cayes include Northeast Sapodilla Caye, Frank’s Caye, Nicholas Caye, Hunting Caye, Lime Caye, Ragged Caye, West Ragged Caye and Seal Caye.
9. Since the early nineteenth century, the Sapodilla Cayes have formed part of
the territory of Belize, initially as part of the settlement of Belize and later the
colony of British Honduras, and since 1981 as part of the independent State of
Belize. There have been over 200 years of uninterrupted peaceful possession by
the United Kingdom (as the relevant colonial power) and by Belize since its independence in 1981.
10. Prior to 1981, British sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes was manifested through numerous public, peaceful and continuous sovereign acts. These included (among others):
(a) Exercises of jurisdiction by magistrates over the Sapodilla Cayes (such as in
relation to criminal matters, salvage claims and the suppression of piracy);
(b) Express statements confirming sovereignty, including as expressed in official maps;
(c) Protests against conduct on the part of other States that was inconsistent with British sovereignty;
(d) The construction of lighthouses;
(e) The granting of licences and concessions in relation to natural resources;
(f) The regulation of land ownership, fishing and entry to the Sapodilla Cayes;
and
(g) The performance of military activities in and around the Sapodilla Cayes.
11. By contrast, Honduras has never had nor purported to exercise any sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes. Indeed, prior to 1981, it repeatedly acknowledged British sovereignty. For example, at various points in time the Government of Honduras
was concerned that the Sapodilla Cayes were being used as a base by revolutionary movements plotting against it. The Government of Honduras accordingly requested
the British authorities in Belize to take action in respect of such movements.
These requests plainly constituted acknowledgement by Honduras of the sovereignty of the United Kingdom over the Sapodilla Cayes, and indeed were requests by
Honduras for the United Kingdom to exercise its sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes. Such acknowledgements included, for instance, a letter in 1913 from
the Foreign Minister of Honduras, expressed as being on behalf of the President
of Honduras, to the British Consul General. In that letter, Honduras thanked the Government of the United Kingdom for having placed a ship of war at the
disposal of the “Colonial Government at Belize” so as to prevent revolutionary
activity on the Sapodilla Cayes, which the Honduran Foreign Minister expressly referred to as “Islands belonging to the Colony”5.
12. It was only in 1981, with the independence of Belize from the United
Kingdom imminent, that Honduras first made a claim to the Sapodilla Cayes. It did
so in a note to the British Ambassador to Honduras, reserving the right to have
recourse to all means established by international law to “make Honduran sovereignty prevail”6. The United Kingdom rejected the Honduran claim and made clear that it
5 Letter from Mariano Vásquez (Minister of Foreign Affairs, Honduras) to J. P. Armstrong (British Consul General), 8 September 1913 (Annex 1).
6 Letter from César Elvir Sierra (Minister of Foreign Affairs, Honduras) to John Barnard Weymes (British Ambassador to Honduras), 17 March 1981 (Annex 4).
7
75 kilomètres à l’est de la ville bélizienne de Punta Gorda. Les principales sont Northeast Sapodilla Caye, Frank’s Caye, Nicholas Caye, Hunting Caye, Lime Caye, Ragged Caye, West Ragged Caye et Seal Caye.
9. Depuis le début du XIXe siècle, les cayes de Sapodilla font partie du territoire
du Belize, ayant relevé de l’établissement de Belize, puis de la colonie du Honduras
britannique, et enfin, à partir de 1981, de l’Etat indépendant du Belize. Depuis plus de 200 ans, elles sont en la possession pacifique continue du Royaume-Uni (en tant
qu’ancienne puissance coloniale) et du Belize, à partir de l’indépendance de ce dernier en 1981.
10. Avant 1981, la souveraineté britannique sur les cayes de Sapodilla s’était manifestée par de nombreux actes souverains continus, pacifiques et publics, parmi lesquels :
a) l’exercice, par des magistrats, de leur compétence sur les cayes de Sapodilla (notamment en matière pénale, en réponse à des demandes de sauvetage et dans
le domaine de la répression de la piraterie) ;
b) des déclarations expresses confirmant la souveraineté, y compris par la publication de cartes officielles ;
c) des protestations contre le comportement d’autres Etats, incompatible avec la souveraineté britannique ;
d) la construction de phares ;
e) l’octroi de licences et de concessions concernant des ressources naturelles ;
f) la réglementation de la propriété foncière et de la pêche dans les cayes de Sapodilla et de l’accès à celles-ci ; et
g) l’exercice d’activités militaires sur les cayes de Sapodilla et aux alentours.
11. Le Honduras, quant à lui, n’avait jamais exercé — ni prétendu exercer — quelque souveraineté sur les cayes de Sapodilla. De fait, avant 1981, il a reconnu à plusieurs reprises la souveraineté britannique. Par exemple, à différents moments, son gouvernement s’est inquiété du fait que les cayes de Sapodilla servaient de base à des
mouvements révolutionnaires conspirant contre lui et a demandé aux autorités britanniques au Belize de prendre des mesures à cet égard. Ces démarches emportaient
clairement reconnaissance, par le Honduras, de la souveraineté britannique sur les cayes de Sapodilla et constituaient de fait une demande adressée au Royaume-Uni d’y exercer sa souveraineté. Parmi ces actes de reconnaissance figure une lettre adressée en 1913 au consul général britannique par le ministre des affaires étrangères du Honduras, au nom du président hondurien. Dans cette lettre, le Honduras remerciait le Gouvernement britannique d’avoir mis un navire de guerre à la disposition du « Gouvernement colonial au Belize » afin de prévenir l’activité révolutionnaire sur les cayes de Sapodilla, que le ministre des affaires étrangères désignait expressément comme des « îles appartenant à la colonie »5.
12. Ce n’est qu’en 1981, alors que l’accession du Belize à l’indépendance vis-à-vis du Royaume-Uni était imminente, que le Honduras a, pour la première fois, revendiqué les cayes de Sapodilla, et ce, dans une note adressée à l’ambassadeur britannique
au Honduras, se réservant le droit de recourir à tous les moyens prévus par le droit international pour « faire prévaloir [s]a souveraineté »6. Le Royaume-Uni a rejeté cette
5 Lettre en date du 8 septembre 1913 adressée à M. J. P. Armstrong, consul général britannique, par M. Mariano Vásquez, ministre des affaires étrangères du Honduras (annexe 1).
6 Lettre en date du 17 mars 1981 adressée à M. John Barnard Weymes, ambassadeur britannique au Honduras, par M. César Elvir Sierra, ministre des affaires étrangères du Honduras (annexe 4).
8
had no doubt concerning the sovereignty of the United Kingdom over the Sapodilla Cayes7. Honduras nonetheless maintained its claim in further exchanges with the United Kingdom8.
13. On 21 September 1981, Belize achieved independence from the United Kingdom. Upon the unanimous recommendation of the United Nations Security Council, the United Nations General Assembly voted on 25 September 1981 to admit Belize as a Member of the United Nations9, with Guatemala the only State voting against the resolution. This resolution was passed in the context of multiple General Assembly resolutions referring to the importance of Belize’s independence being achieved with its territorial integrity intact10.
14. During the United Nations General Assembly proceedings, Honduras made a statement asserting that the “Cayos Zapotillos historically, geographically and legally belong to Honduras”11. The representative of the United Kingdom stated in reply
that:
“My delegation has been instructed to state that the United Kingdom does not accept that claim. The United Kingdom had no doubt of its sovereignty over the Cayos Zapotillos as part of the territory of Belize up to the date of Belize’s independence. On the granting of independence to Belize on 21 September this year — which we note with pleasure has been welcomed by the Government
of Honduras — sovereignty over the Cayos Zapotillos passed to the State of Belize.”12
15. Following the independence of Belize, Honduras promulgated a new Constitution in January 1982 which expressly referred to the Sapodilla Cayes (and, separately, Seal Caye, which forms part of the Sapodilla Cayes) as part of the territory of Honduras13.
16. Since its independence from the United Kingdom, Belize has exercised its
exclusive sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes. Consistently with the sovereignty
previously exercised by the United Kingdom, the sovereign acts of Belize in relation to the Sapodilla Cayes since 1981 have included (among others):
(a) Regulatory acts concerning fishing, entry and land ownership in relation to the Sapodilla Cayes;
(b) The performance of military and coast guard functions on and around the Sapodilla Cayes;
(c) Express inclusion of the Sapodilla Cayes in Belize’s Constitution as part of its territory;
7 United Kingdom Note to Honduras, 26 March 1981 (Annex 5).
8 Communiqué from the Government of Honduras to the British Embassy in Honduras, 10 April 1981 (Annex 6); Note from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Honduras to the British Embassy in Honduras, Note No. 202-DSM, 21 May 1981 (Annex 7).
9 General Assembly resolution 36/3, Admission of Belize to membership in the United Nations, UN doc. A/RES/36/3, 25 September 1981 (Annex 10).
10 See, e.g., General Assembly resolution 35/20, Question of Belize, UN doc. A/RES/35/20, 11 November 1980 (Annex 3, para. 7).
11 Statement by Mr. Elvir Sierra (Honduras) at the United Nations General Assembly,
thirty-sixth session, 10th plenary meeting, UN doc. A/36/PV.10, 23 September 1981 (Annex 8, paras. 183-185).
12 Statement by Mr. Goulding (United Kingdom) at the United Nations General Assembly, thirty-sixth session, 12th plenary meeting, UN doc. A/36/PV.12 and Corr. 1, 24 September 1981 (Annex 9, paras. 442-444).
13 Constitution of Honduras, 20 January 1982, Art. 10 (Annex 11).
9
prétention et indiqué clairement qu’il n’avait aucun doute quant à sa souveraineté sur les cayes de Sapodilla7. Le Honduras a néanmoins maintenu sa prétention dans des échanges ultérieurs avec le Royaume-Uni8.
13. Le 21 septembre 1981, le Belize a obtenu son indépendance du Royaume-Uni. Sur recommandation unanime du Conseil de sécurité de l’Organisation des Nations Unies, l’Assemblée générale a voté le 25 septembre 1981 son admission à l’ONU9 , le Guatemala étant le seul Etat à avoir voté contre la résolution. Celle-ci a été adoptée dans le contexte d’une série de résolutions de l’Assemblée générale soulignant l’importance que le Belize accède à l’indépendance en conservant son intégrité territoriale10.
14. Lors des débats à l’Assemblée générale, le Honduras a déclaré que, « [d]’un point de vue historique, géographique et juridique, les Cayos Zapotillos [lui] appart[e-
nai]ent »11. Le représentant du Royaume-Uni lui a répondu ce qui suit :
« Ma délégation a reçu pour instruction de déclarer que le Royaume-Uni
n’accepte pas cette revendication. Le Royaume-Uni n’éprouvait aucun doute quant à sa souveraineté sur les Cayos Zapotillos en tant que partie du territoire du Belize en attendant le jour où ce dernier accéderait à l’indépendance. Dès l’accession du Belize à l’indépendance, qui a pris effet le 21 septembre de cette année — et nous notons avec plaisir que le Gouvernement du Honduras s’est félicité de cet
événement —, la souveraineté sur les Cayos Zapotillos est celle de l’Etat du Belize. »12
15. Après l’accession à l’indépendance du Belize, le Honduras a promulgué, en
janvier 1982, une nouvelle Constitution qui indique expressément que les cayes de Sapodilla (et, de manière distincte, Seal Caye, qui en fait partie) lui appartiennent13.
16. Depuis qu’il a obtenu son indépendance du Royaume-Uni, le Belize exerce sa souveraineté exclusive sur les cayes de Sapodilla. Dans la droite ligne de la souveraineté auparavant exercée par le Royaume-Uni, les actes souverains du Belize relativement aux cayes de Sapodilla depuis 1981 incluent notamment :
a) des actes réglementaires concernant la pêche et la propriété foncière sur les cayes de Sapodilla et l’accès à celles-ci ;
b) l’exercice de fonctions militaires et de fonctions de garde-côte sur les cayes et aux alentours ;
c) l’inclusion expresse dans la Constitution du Belize des cayes de Sapodilla comme faisant partie du territoire de celui-ci ;
7 Note en date du 26 mars 1981 adressée au Honduras par le Royaume-Uni (annexe 5).
8 Communiqué en date du 10 avril 1981 adressé à l’ambassade britannique au Honduras
par le Gouvernement du Honduras (annexe 6) ; note no 202-DSM en date du 21 mai 1981 adressée à l’ambassade britannique au Honduras par le ministre des affaires étrangères du Honduras (annexe 7).
9 Nations Unies, Assemblée générale, résolution 36/3 du 25 septembre 1981 intitulée « Admission du Belize à l’Organisation des Nations Unies », doc. A/RES/36/3 (annexe 10).
10 Voir, par exemple, Nations Unies, Assemblée générale, résolution 35/20 du 11 novembre 1980 intitulée « Question du Belize », doc. A/RES/35/20 (annexe 3, par. 7).
11 Nations Unies, Assemblée générale , trente-sixième session, 10e séance plénière, 23 septembre 1981, doc. A/36/PV.10, déclaration de M. Elvir Sierra (Honduras) (annexe 8, par. 183-185).
12 Nations Unies, Assemblée générale, trente-sixième session, 12e séance plénière, 24 septembre 1981, doc. A/36/PV.12 et Corr. 1, déclaration de M. Goulding (Royaume-Uni) (annexe 9, par. 442-444).
13 Constitution du Honduras, 20 janvier 1982, art. 10 (annexe 11).
10
(d) The definition of its territorial sea by reference to the Sapodilla Cayes; and
(e) Protests against incursions into the Sapodilla Cayes or their appurtenant waters.
17. Despite Belize’s clear sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes, in exchanges this year between Belize and Honduras it has become clear that Honduras considers
itself constrained by its Constitution to assert its claim to the Sapodilla Cayes on
the international plane and that, notwithstanding the excellent relations between Belize and Honduras, a legal dispute has persisted between them14. Belize desires
the full and final resolution of all territorial claims against it and so now turns to
the Court for the prompt resolution of the legal dispute between Belize and
Honduras concerning the Sapodilla Cayes. Belize emphasises that it does so in support and furtherance of its friendly relations with Honduras, to have the legal dispute between them authoritatively and definitively resolved.
IV. Legal Grounds
18. Under international law, Belize is sovereign over the Sapodilla Cayes. The Honduran claim to the Sapodilla Cayes, articulated in its 1982 Constitution, which remains in force as a matter of the internal law of Honduras, has no basis in international law.
19. In 1981 the people of Belize exercised their right to self-determination with
territorial integrity when Belize obtained its independence from the United Kingdom. In doing so, Belize succeeded to the sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes that the United Kingdom had held and exercised for well more than a century.
20. Honduras had long recognised and accepted the sovereignty of the United Kingdom over the Sapodilla Cayes, and the United Kingdom had exercised that sovereignty publicly, peacefully and continuously in manifold ways.
21. Since Belize succeeded in 1981 to the sovereignty of the United Kingdom over the Sapodilla Cayes, Belize has continuously exercised exclusive sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes.
V. Relief Sought
22. Belize respectfully requests the Court to adjudge and declare that, as between Belize and Honduras, Belize is sovereign over the Sapodilla Cayes.
VI. Reservation of Rights
23. Belize reserves the right to supplement or amend in the course of these
proceedings the matters introduced by this Application, including in respect of the facts relied on, the legal grounds invoked, and the relief requested.
14 Letter from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belize to the Minister of Foreign Affairs
of Honduras, 29 September 2022 (Annex 12); Letter from the Minister of Foreign
Affairs of Belize to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Honduras, 25 October 2022 (Annex 14).
11
d) la définition de la mer territoriale du Belize par référence aux cayes de Sapodilla ; et
e) des protestations contre les incursions dans les cayes de Sapodilla ou les eaux adjacentes.
17. En dépit de la souveraineté bien établie du Belize sur les cayes de Sapodilla,
il ressort clairement des échanges qui ont eu lieu cette année entre le Belize et le Honduras que ce dernier s’estime tenu par sa Constitution d’affirmer sa prétention
sur ces cayes sur le plan international et que, malgré leurs excellentes relations, un
différend juridique persiste entre les deux Etats14. Le Belize aspirant au règlement
complet et définitif de toute revendication territoriale concurrente, il s’adresse aujourd’hui à la Cour en vue d’un règlement rapide du différend juridique qui l’oppose au Honduras concernant les cayes de Sapodilla. Il souligne que, ce faisant, il agit
dans l’intérêt et au nom de ses relations amicales avec le Honduras, afin que le différend juridique qui existe entre les deux Etats soit réglé de manière définitive par une institution faisant autorité.
IV. Moyens de droit
18. Au regard du droit international, le Belize a souveraineté sur les cayes de Sapodilla. La revendication du Honduras sur celles-ci, énoncée dans sa Constitution de 1982, qui demeure en vigueur en ce qui concerne le droit interne hondurien, n’a pas de fondement en droit international.
19. En 1981, le peuple du Belize a exercé son droit à l’autodétermination et à l’intégrité territoriale, en accédant à l’indépendance vis-à-vis du Royaume-Uni. Ce faisant, le Belize a succédé à la souveraineté sur les cayes de Sapodilla que le Royaume-Uni avait détenue et exercée pendant bien plus d’un siècle.
20. Le Honduras avait reconnu et accepté de longue date la souveraineté britannique sur les cayes de Sapodilla, que le Royaume-Uni avait exercée de manière publique, pacifique et continue de multiples façons.
21. Depuis qu’il a succédé en 1981 à la souveraineté du Royaume-Uni sur les cayes de Sapodilla, le Belize y exerce de façon continue sa souveraineté exclusive.
V. Décision sollicitée
22. Le Belize prie la Cour de dire et juger que, entre le Belize et le Honduras, c’est le Belize qui a souveraineté sur les cayes de Sapodilla.
VI. Réserve de droits
23. Le Belize se réserve le droit de compléter ou de modifier au cours de la procédure les points traités dans la présente requête, y compris les faits et les moyens de droit invoqués et la décision sollicitée.
14 Lettre en date du 29 septembre 2022 adressée au ministre des affaires étrangères du
Honduras par le ministre des affaires étrangères du Belize (annexe 12) ; lettre en date du 25 octobre 2022 adressée au ministre des affaires étrangères du Honduras par le ministre des affaires étrangères du Belize (annexe 14).
12
VII. Appointment of Agent and Co-Agent
24. The Government of Belize appoints Ambassador Assad Shoman as Agent and Ambassador Alexis Rosado as Co-Agent for Belize in these proceedings.
16 November 2022.
(Signed) Raineldo Urbina,
Chargé d’affaires ad interim,
Embassy of Belize accredited to the
Kingdom of the Netherlands.
13
VII. Désignation d’un agent et d’un coagent
24. Le Gouvernement du Belize désigne M. Assad Shoman, ambassadeur, en qualité d’agent et M. Alexis Rosado, ambassadeur, en qualité de coagent du Belize aux fins de la présente instance.
Le 16 novembre 2022.
Le chargé d’affaires par intérim,
ambassade du Belize accréditée
au Royaume des Pays-Bas,
(Signé) Raineldo Urbina.
14
CERTIFICATION
I certify that the documents annexed to this Application and listed overleaf are true copies of the originals and that any translations into English are accurate.
16 November 2022.
(Signed) Raineldo Urbina,
Chargé d’affaires ad interim,
Embassy of Belize accredited to the
Kingdom of the Netherlands.
15
CERTIFICATION
[Traduction]
Je certifie que les documents joints à la présente requête, dont la liste figure ci-après, sont des copies conformes des documents originaux et que les traductions anglaises sont exactes.
Le 16 novembre 2022.
Le chargé d’affaires par intérim,
ambassade du Belize accréditée
au Royaume des Pays-Bas,
(Signé) Raineldo Urbina.
16
LIST OF ANNEXES*15
Annex 1. Letter from Mariano Vásquez (Minister of Foreign Affairs, Honduras)
to J. P. Armstrong (British Consul General), 8 September 1913, UK National Archives, CO 123/277.
Annex 2. Republic of Honduras, Instrument of Ratification of the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement, 7 February 1950, Archives of the Organization of American States (Spanish original), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize (English translation).
Annex 3. General Assembly resolution 35/20, Question of Belize, UN doc. A/RES/
35/20, 11 November 1980.
Annex 4. Letter from César Elvir Sierra (Minister of Foreign Affairs, Honduras) to John Barnard Weymes (British Ambassador to Honduras), 17 March 1981, UK National Archives, FCO 99/891 (Spanish original); Annex II to Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Research Department Note 26/82, November 1982, UK National Archives, FCO 99/1407/1 (English translation).
Annex 5. United Kingdom Note to Honduras, 26 March 1981, Annex III to Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Research Department Note 26/82, November 1982, UK National Archives, FCO 99/1407/1.
Annex 6. Communiqué from the Government of Honduras to the British Embassy in Honduras, 10 April 1981, UK National Archives, FCO 99/891.
Annex 7. Note from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Honduras to the British Embassy in Honduras, Note No. 202-DSM, 21 May 1981, UK National Archives, FCO 99/892.
Annex 8. Statement by Mr. Elvir Sierra (Honduras) at the United Nations General Assembly, thirty-sixth session, 10th plenary meeting, UN doc. A/36/PV.10, 23 September 1981.
Annex 9. Statement by Mr. Goulding (United Kingdom) at the United Nations General Assembly, thirty-sixth session, 12th plenary meeting, UN doc. A/
36/PV.12 and Corr. 1, 24 September 1981.
Annex 10. General Assembly resolution 36/3, Admission of Belize to membership in the United Nations, UN doc. A/RES/36/3, 25 September 1981.
Annex 11. Constitution of Honduras, 20 January 1982, Art. 10, http://congreso.
gob.hn, retrieved from Wayback Machine Internet Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20100705043950/http://congreso.gob.hn/constituciones/CONSTITUCION%201982%20DECRETO%20131-82.pdf) (extract of Spanish original); Constitute Project, (https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Honduras_2013.pdf?lang=en) (extract of English translation).
15* The Annexes are not reproduced in the print version, but are available in electronic version on the Court’s website (http://www.icj-cij.org, under “Cases”).
17
LISTE DES ANNEXES*15
Annexe 1. Lettre en date du 8 septembre 1913 adressée à M. J. P. Armstrong, consul général britannique, par M. Mariano Vásquez, ministre des affaires
étrangères du Honduras, UK National Archives, CO 123/277.
Annexe 2. Instrument de ratification du traité américain de règlement pacifique de
la République du Honduras en date du 7 février 1950, archives de
l’Organisation des Etats américains (original espagnol), ministère des affaires étrangères du Belize (traduction anglaise).
Annexe 3. Nations Unies, Assemblée générale, résolution 35/20 du 11 novembre 1980 intitulée « Question du Belize », doc. A/RES/35/20.
Annexe 4. Lettre en date du 17 mars 1981 adressée à M. John Barnard Weymes, ambassadeur britannique au Honduras, par M. César Elvir Sierra, ministre des affaires étrangères du Honduras, UK National Archives, FCO 99/891 (original espagnol) ; annexe II de la note 26/82 du département de la recherche du Foreign and Commonwealth Office, novembre 1982, UK National Archives, FCO 99/1407/1 (traduction anglaise).
Annexe 5. Note en date du 26 mars 1981 adressée au Honduras par le Royaume-Uni, annexe III de la note 26/82 du département de la recherche du Foreign and Commonwealth Office, novembre 1982, UK National Archives, FCO 99/
1407/1.
Annexe 6. Communiqué en date du 10 avril 1981 adressé à l’ambassade britannique au Honduras par le Gouvernement du Honduras, UK National Archives, FCO 99/891.
Annexe 7. Note no 202-DSM en date du 21 mai 1981 adressée à l’ambassade britannique au Honduras par le ministre des affaires étrangères du Honduras, UK National Archives, FCO 99/892.
Annexe 8. Nations Unies, Assemblée générale, trente-sixième session, 10e séance plénière, 23 septembre 1981, doc. A/36/PV.10, déclaration de M. Elvir Sierra (Honduras).
Annexe 9. Nations Unies, Assemblée générale, trente-sixième session, 12e séance plénière, 24 septembre 1981, doc. A/36/PV.12 et Corr. 1, déclaration de M. Goulding (Royaume-Uni).
Annexe 10. Nations Unies, Assemblée générale, résolution 36/3 du 25 septembre 1981 intitulée « Admission du Belize à l’Organisation des Nations Unies », doc. A/RES/36/3.
Annexe 11. Constitution du Honduras, 20 janvier 1982, art. 10, http://congreso.gob.hn, consultée au moyen de Wayback Machine Internet Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20100705043950/http://congreso.gob.hn/constituciones/ CONSTITUCION%201982%20DECRETO%20131-82.pdf) (extrait de l’original espagnol) ; Constitute Project (https://www.constituteproject.org/
constitution/Honduras_2013.pdf?lang=en) (extrait de la traduction anglaise).
15* Annexes non reproduites en version papier, mais disponibles en version électronique sur le site Internet de la Cour (http://www.icj-cij.org, onglet « affaires »).
18
Annex 12. Letter from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belize to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Honduras, 29 September 2022, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize.
Annex 13. Instrument of Accession to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement, 24 October 2022, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize.
Annex 14. Letter from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belize to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Honduras, 25 October 2022, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize.
Annex 15. General Secretariat of the Organization of American States, Certificate of Receipt of Instrument of Accession by Belize to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement, 27 October 2022, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize.
Annex 16. Department of International Law of the Secretariat for Legal Affairs of the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States, Note informing States parties to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement of Belize’s accession, 27 October 2022, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize.
19
Annexe 12. Lettre en date du 29 septembre 2022 adressée au ministre des affaires étrangères du Honduras par le ministre des affaires étrangères du Belize.
Annexe 13. Instrument d’adhésion du Belize au traité américain de règlement pacifique en date du 24 octobre 2022.
Annexe 14. Lettre en date du 25 octobre 2022 adressée au ministre des affaires étrangères du Honduras par le ministre des affaires étrangères du Belize.
Annexe 15. Certificat de réception de l’instrument d’adhésion du Belize au traité américain de règlement pacifique émis par le secrétariat général de
l’Organisation des Etats américains le 27 octobre 2022.
Annexe 16. Note du département du droit international du secrétariat aux affaires juridiques au secrétariat général de l’Organisation des Etats américains en date du 27 octobre 2022 informant les Etats parties au traité américain de règlement pacifique de l’adhésion du Belize.
IMPRIMÉ AUX PAYS-BAS – PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS

Document file FR
Document Long Title

Application instituting proceedings

Links